Ka wehea ngā pākahu tāwhai wai i ngā rōpū nui: ngā pākahu tāwhai wai o ngā tātai matua, ngā pākahu tāwhai wai o ngā tātai iti, ngā pākahu tāwhai wai e kura ana i te humic acid, ngā pākahu tāwhai wai e kura ana i ngā amino acid, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā tīwhanawhana āhuatanga o Tiamani i whakamātautau i ngā whakaritenga mātua mō te kounga o ēnei pākahu.
**Ngā Pākahu Tāwhai Wai o ngā Tātai Matua**
Ko ēnei he pākai tāwhara rānei he pākai tāwhara kōpū wai, i hanga mai i ngā tātai matua—te nitrogene (N), te fosfora (P), me te potasiamu (K)—ā, i whakaurua ngā tātai iti (te kōpara, te iro, te mangane, te zinko, te borona, me te mōlima) rānei ngā tātai tuarua (te kalsiamu me te magnesiamu) i ngā whakawhitinga e tātai ana i te tipu o ngā rākau. Ko te whakamātautau pākai ko NY 1107-2010. Ko tēnei whakamātautau e whakamārama ana i tēnei: mō ngā pākai kōpū, me nui ake te tau o ngā tātai matua i te 50%, ā, me rere i waenganui i te 0.2% ki te 3.0% te tau o ngā tātai iti; mō ngā pākai tāwhara, me nui ake te tau o ngā tātai matua i te 500 g/L, ā, me rere i waenganui i te 2 g/L ki te 30 g/L te tau o ngā tātai iti.
**Ngā Pākai Tāwhara ā-Tuarua**
Ko ēnei he pūtake taiwhenua, rānei he pūtake tāwhai, e wātea ana ki te wai, ā, ko ngā wāhanga tuarua—ko te kalsiamu (Ca) me te makinehi (Mg)—i ngā whakawhitinga e taea ana te whanaketanga o ngā rākau, ā, i tēnei wā, ka tāpirihia ngā wāhanga iti (kōpere, iro, mānānane, tīnaki, borona, me te mōlipeinamu) i ngā whakawhitinga e tika ana. Ko te whāinga o te huinga pūtake ko NY 2266-2012. Ko ngā whakamārama mō ngā pūtake nei: mō ngā pūtake taiwhenua, ko te Ca ≥ 100 g/L, te Mg ≥ 100 g/L, te Ca + Mg ≥ 100 g/L; mō ngā pūtake tāwhai, ko te Ca ≥ 10.0%, te Mg ≥ 10.0%, te Ca + Mg ≥ 10.0%.
**Ngā Pūtake Tāwhai e Wātea ana ki te Wai**
Ko ēnei he pūtake taiwhenua, rānei he pūtake tāwhai, e wātea ana ki te wai, ā, ko ngā wāhanga iti—ko te kōpere, te iro, te mānānane, te tīnaki, te borona, me te mōlipeinamu—i ngā whakawhitinga e taea ana te whanaketanga o ngā rākau. Ko te whāinga o te huinga pūtake ko NY 1428-2010. Ko tēnei whāinga e whakamārama ana i tēnei: mō ngā pūtake tāwhai, me nui ake te wāhanga iti i te 10%; mō ngā pūtake taiwhenua, me nui ake te wāhanga iti i te 100 g/L.
**Ngā pūtake o te wai e whai ana i ngā amino acid**
Ko ēnei he pūtake taiwhenua rānei pūtake tāwhai wai, e whai ana i ngā āmiro āhua kore (free amino acids) i te matua, ā, kua whakauru kia tika mō te tipu o ngā rākau ngā āhua iti (copper, iron, manganese, zinc, boron, and molybdenum) rānei ngā āhua tuarua (calcium and magnesium). Ko ngā hua nei e whakarōpūtia ana i ēnei āhua e rua: te āhua āhua iti me te āhua calcium. Ko te pūtake hua e whakamāmā ana ko NY1429-2010. Mō ngā pūtake taiwhenua rānei pūtake tāwhai wai e whai ana i ngā āmiro āhua kore o te āhua āhua iti, me nui ake te āmiro āhua kore i te 10% mō ngā hua taiwhenua, ā, i te 100 g/L mō ngā hua tāwhai wai; ā, me nui ake anō te tātai o ngā āhua iti e rua, ā, he āhua iti āhua whakaahua, i te 2.0% mō ngā hua taiwhenua, ā, i te 20 g/L mō ngā hua tāwhai wai. He wāhi hoki ngā pūtake taiwhenua rānei pūtake tāwhai wai e whai ana i ngā āmiro āhua kore o te āhua calcium i ngā āhua taiwhenua me ngā āhua tāwhai wai; ā, i te rite tonu ngā whakamāmā katoa ki te āhua āhua iti, me nui ake anō te āhua calcium i te 3.0% mō ngā hua taiwhenua, ā, i te 30 g/L mō ngā hua tāwhai wai.
**Ngā pūtake hauānga kua whakauru mai i te humic acid**
Ko ngā tāwhara hauānga wai-kore e whai ana i te āhua o te humic he rōpū o ngā tāwhara hauānga wai-kore e whai ana i ngā kōpū humic. Ko ēnei tāwhara—e whakamahinga ana i te āhua wai, i te āhua pū, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te āhua pūkaha, i te......
**Ētahi Āhua Kōkāinga Wai-taumaha Kē**
Ko tēnei rōpū he whakamātautau i ētahi āhua kōkāinga wai-taumaha kē e whai ana i te hua kōkāinga, engari e kore nei ngā āhua e rima i tuhia ki runga; ko ngā hua nei e whakamahinga ana i ngā whakamātautau a te rōpū. Ko tēnei rōpū he nui ngā āhua kōkāinga wai-taumaha o te ao tāwhito, tae atu hoki ngā āhua i hanga mai i ngā whakamātautau pērā i te āhua alginic, te chitin, me ngā chito-oligosaccharides hei kaiwhakamātautau matua.
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